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                <text>When clubwomen encountered children in poorhouses and jails, they saw future paupers and criminals.  The 1891 children’s illustration below depicts the doomed trajectory of troublesome children. The CWC tried to intervene in the process and place juvenile children in safe, comfortable homes with the hope of steering youth toward productive and respectable lives.  In the 1902 Report of the Reform Department of the Chicago Woman’s Club, Mary Plummer asserted that “it is the earnest desire and a large part of the work of this Committee to relieve the Poor House of every child, which can be placed preferably in homes, or, failing, in suitable institutions.”</text>
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                <text>Image: “Quarrelsome Children in Contrast with Those of Sweet Disposition.,” March 25, 2011. http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail.cfm?strucID=1869923&amp;imageID=1699625.&#13;
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                <text>At the dawn of the Progressive Era, clubwomen increasingly studied the causes and solutions to delinquency.  In particular, the CWC sought to understand the downfall of young women in the city.  Clubwomen frequently emphasized the necessity of industriousness and positive role models to reform young delinquent.  Accordingly, clubwomen like Judge Mary Bartelme, pictured below, worked with Chicago’s Juvenile Court to reform probation practices for juvenile delinquents.</text>
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                <text>Image: “Judge Mary Bartelme.” 1910. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ggb2005012702/.</text>
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                <text>Just as clubwomen believed in the importance of a productive occupation for young women, they were similarly concerned that young people engage in respectable entertainment.  They were particularly concerned with the leisure activities of working girls.  They advocated that young women participate in club work like their own rather than engage with the immoral and disorderly influences of the city. They also advocated for women to dress in specific ways in order to represent “proper” femininity.  Finally, clubwomen believed in the power of clean and beautiful city streets to “civilize” urban residents.</text>
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                <text>Literary Program: Annual Announcements of the Chicago Woman’s Club, 1876-1920. Loyola University Chicago. Women &amp; Leadership Archives. Chicago Woman’s Club. Boxes 1-5.</text>
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                <text>Newspaper: Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922).</text>
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Women and children also attacked the industrious homes and beautification projects sponsored by the Chicago Woman’s Club.  The Chicago Tribune reported an act of vandalism against the Woman’s Industrial Home by a former inmate while the 1901 Report of the Art and Literature Department vividly describes frequent community assaults on a fountain maintained by the Chicago Woman’s Club.</text>
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                <text>Transcription: "Just think of this: it’s 1969, ’70, ’71. It’s partly a reflection of the sixties. You’ve got students who are saying, you know, ‘Why do I have to take these particular courses, in this particular order? I can learn better if you just let me do some of these things. Or maybe I shouldn’t be graded in all this stuff, because then I’m trying to focus on this rather than…”…But this time at Mundelein, what you really had was good students who were on the edge. Remember, I attribute it to the sixties. Good students who were on the edge of adulthood. And progressivism or even radicalism—Because all this swirled around them, you know, the Civil Right Movement, the Vietnam War, all the youthful energy created by all that stuff, including the youthful disappointments at all the horrible things that were happening in ’68, ’69, ’70."</text>
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                <text>Transcription: "We used to have a pretty rigid dress code. No jeans, none of that kind of thing. In fact, the women who used to live in the residence hall could not even go to the dining hall in jeans or slacks. They had to wear dresses all the time. Many times they’d roll up their jeans and put their coats on. And we knew that. But it was the students who asked Sister Ann Ida. Sherry was her name. She said to Sister Ann Ida, ‘You know, we don’t want a dress code anymore.’ And Sister Ann Ida said, ‘I can’t change that myself. I’ll give you time at the faculty meeting.’ And Sherry—I remember her to this day—just got up and said, ‘I’m just here representing the students as the Student Body President to tell you that we no longer have a dress code. You’ll see us looking differently.’ And she walked out."</text>
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                <text>Transcription: "As we got more minority students, we began to change. We had our own problems on campus in 1975, ’76, when sort of the ‘black revolution’ took place. I was part of it. We had a woman, we’re good friends today, was director of the black students. There was a total misunderstanding going on. The students really rebelled against administration and everybody. But we had a young student—a young black student, Diane Allen, who helped our black students more than any single person than I can think of. She got them leveled off before they ended the year, and they had a good feeling. But we did struggle."</text>
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